Changing Laws Policies And Economical Ideologies Impact On...

In this assignment I will be exploring ways in which changing laws, policies and economical ideologies impact on social work practice and service users. The tension this creates between public servants, service users, local authorities and government. I will be focusing on the effectiveness of child protection intervention, safeguarding and assessment between in the UK and comparing it with Sweden. The British Welfare State in 1948 was influenced by a number of policies and serious case reviews. The Beveridge Report identified ‘five evils’ which were affecting the current welfare state: want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness (Jones and Lowe, 2002). In 1945, Dennis O Neil was a child in care who experienced abuse resulting in his death. An inquiry was undertaken known as the Curtis Committee Report (1946 cited in Winter, 2011, p11), This focused on the contribution towards the child’s death. The Curtis Committee Report (1946) found a large number of professionals who were working with children did not have specialised practice training. The report found that due to lack of training children were not placed into appropriate care, therefore neglecting their needs. Younghusband (1947 cited in Bamford, 2015, p.21) recognised that social work practice had limited trained staff on the frontline, the report proposed a course, where core subjects of social w ork principles and practice should be taught, with the option of specialisation. There was also failing in whichShow MoreRelatedFuture Information Security Trends17051 Words   |  69 Pagesknowledge for the implementation of the Finnish National Information Security Strategy (kansallinen tietoturvastrategia). The aim of the project was to study near-future information security issues that are related to, for example, new technologies, services, and business models. Our approach combines perspectives from different disciplines in order to better address the complexity of the focus area. We identified relevant future information security trends especially from the Finnish viewpoint in theRead MorePublic Health Paper12265 Words   |  50 PagesFrom past to present; the changing focus of public health by Maria Joyce Key sections include: Environment, infectious disease, locating public health, the enlightenment, the Sanitarians, national provision of services, the inception of the National Health Service, ‘crisis in health’, The New Right, The Third Way, new public health. Public health, the new ideology may be taken to mean the promotion of healthy lifestyles linked to behaviour and individual responsibility supported by governmentRead MoreImpact Of Digital Marketing On E Commerce9734 Words   |  39 PagesPROJECT REPORT ON â€Å"IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING OR E-COMMERCE IN CURRENT BUSINESS SCENARIO† (A CASE STUDY OF TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES) SUBMITTED BY ANKUR NARANG ENROLLMENT NO.: 1321000782 UNDER SUPERVISION OF MR. SUPREET SINGH Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for qualifying P G PROGRAMME IN MANAGEMENT In (MARKETING) INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY CENTRE FOR DISTANCE LEARNING GHAZIABAD MAY, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER CONTENTSRead MoreMuseum and Tourism25584 Words   |  103 Pages 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 34 37 40 43 47 50 60 1 FOREWORD The work on this dissertation has taken almost one year, the origin of the idea can be traced back to June 2003 and later that summer I began my work as an intern at Gà ¶teborgs Stadsmuseum, focusing on the museum’s relationship with tourism. The more I got acquainted to the subject, the more interesting I found it and with theRead MoreMuseum and Tourism25591 Words   |  103 Pages. . . 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 34 37 40 43 47 50 60 1 FOREWORD The work on this dissertation has taken almost one year, the origin of the idea can be traced back to June 2003 and later that summer I began my work as an intern at Gà ¶teborgs Stadsmuseum, focusing on the museum’s relationship with tourism. The more I got acquainted to the subject, the more interesting I found it and with theRead MoreTravel and Tourism Administration Program Structure20692 Words   |  83 Pages SEMESTER FOUR Compulsory subjects: 25 TOU 221 – Tourism Planning and Development 3 3 26 HUM 203 – Human Resources Management 3 3 27 HOT 301 – Convention Management 3 3 28 TOU 304 – Final Year Project 3 3 29 LAW 311 – Business Law Electives: One of the following three 3 3 30 HOT 207 – Front Office Management 3 3 31 FRE 212 – French Language (Intermediate) or 32 GER 212 – German Language (Intermediate) TOTAL 18hrs 18cr Upon successfulRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility15903 Words   |  64 PagesCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) is a term describing a company’s obligation to be accountable to all of its stakeholder in all its operation and activities. Socially responsible companies consider the full scope of their impact on communities and the environment when making decisions, balancing the needs of stakeholder with their need to make profit. A company’s stakeholders are all those who are influenced by and can influence a company’s decisions and action, both locally and globally. BusinessRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesLibrary and Information Center Management Recent Titles in Library and Information Science Text Series Library and Information Center Management, Sixth Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran United States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to AcquisitionsRead MoreKfc Marketing Strategies20155 Words   |  81 PagesClick on one of the questions below to learn more. How much will I pay in royalties and advertising? What fees will I pay when I become a KFC franchisee? Initial Franchise Fee =   Monthly Service Fee (Royalties) =   Advertising = $45,000 (if you open a KT multi-brand restaurant, the fees will be $75,000)   5 percent (5%) of Gross Sales 5 percent (5%) of Gross Sales (Includes national and local contributions) The above amounts do not include the initial investment required to constructRead MoreReflective Account of ....10187 Words   |  41 Pagesof Health Malaysia (MOH), 2005). ED function as a core business at government hospitals, it plays a crucial role in the emergency treatment of patients. In addition the department also plays a role in pre hospital care, call center and training services to all staff at the hospital. The South African Constitution (1996) provides that ‘No one may be refused emergency medical treatment’. In Malaysia, although the ED exists to deal with cases of emergency and trauma, but functions as outpatient department

Erik Erikson Psychosocial Stages Of Personality Development

Assessment 3 Part B Topic 2 Erik Erikson Erik Erikson - Psychosocial Stages. Erikson’s ideas were greatly influenced by Sigmund Freud in regards to the structure of personality. (Freud’s ID, EGO and SUPEREGO) Erikson has since expanded on Freud’s theory by focusing on characteristic of the ego, and expanding the stages of personality development to include the entire lifespan. Erikson emphasized on the role that culture and society play in the development of humans and the effects that they have. According to Erikson â€Å"the ego develops as it successfully resolves crises that are distinctly social in nature. These involve establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society† Unlike Freud focusing on the psychosexual ideas, Erikson focused on how children socialized and how this affected their own sense of one’s self. Erikson created a lifespan model of development, this consists of five stages up to the age of 18 years old and a further three stages well into adulthood. Erikson implied that there is still a lot of room for continued growth and development throughout a person’s life. Erikson emphasised on the adolescent period of ones life, feeling it was the crucial stage for developing a person’s identity. Erikson believed that we all are predisposed to having the urge to complete these stages he has stated this to be â€Å"the epigenic principle.† Erikson stated that â€Å"a crises occurs at each stage of development.† for Erikson, these crises areShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902. Erikson is best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErikson’S Contributions To Human Development. Erik Erikson1033 Words   |  5 PagesErikson’s Contributions to Human Development Erik Erikson was a man whose interests varied widely. He studied art and a variety of languages during his schooling. He did not prefer the atmosphere of formal schooling and decided to travel around Europe instead of going to college (â€Å"Erik Erikson†, 1997). He then returned to Germany for art school and later on taught to children who had come for Freudian training. He became Boston’s first child analyst and obtained a position at Harvard Medical SchoolRead MoreApplication Of The Personality Theories Developed By Erik Erikson And Raymond Cattell1724 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of the Personality Theories Developed by Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell â€Å"Personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life† (Cherry, 2014). My personality is influenced from my specific circumstances, my upbringing, and it is represented best through the theorists of Erik Erikson and Raymond Cattell. In specific circumstances my behaviorRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmost is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theory on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She was sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew up believing his pediatrician was his biological father due to his mother marrying this man. Since Erik EriksonRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychology760 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson was a well-known 20th century psychologist who made various contributions to the field of psychology. He was born on June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt, Germany. His unnamed Danish biological father abandoned Erik’s mother before he was born. Erik was raised by his mother, Karla Abrahamsen, for the first three years and she married Dr. Theodor Homberger in 1905. His mother and stepfather raised him and Erik took his stepfather’s name, Erik Abrahamsen. Erik had blond hair, blue eyes, and NordicRead MoreDevelopmental Psychologist Erik Erikson s Stages Of Psychosocial Development1729 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental psychologist Erik Erikson changed the way that people viewed the psychosocial development in humans throughout their lifespan. Using the foundation provided by Freud’s psychosexual stages, he modified the concepts to where they demonstrated external impacts on development as well as making it more about emotional conflicts than necessarily physical drives. This eight-stage theory is sequential, and requires the person to overcome conflicts in each stage to become a productive memberRead MoreErik Erikson : Psychosocial Development1103 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development â€Å"Erik Erikson was best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked and important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood events, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan† (Cherry). This paper will discuss Erikson’s childhood and the influence it had on his work. AlsoRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreIndustry Vs Inferiority Or Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory And Self-Adolency1444 Words   |  6 Pagesmore complete in describing what it takes for the grade school child to develop mastery and competence, Erik Erikson Industry versus inferiority or Albert Bandura social learning theory and self-efficacy. Industry vs inferiority is stage four of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Industry versus inferiority is the fourth stage of Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development. If the child cannot develop the specific skill they feel society is demanding (e.g., being athletic) then

Essay on The Causes of the American Revolution - 552 Words

The British had control of the thirteen colonies for many years prior to the French and Indian War. After the war Britain took sole possession of the thirteen colonies. The French and Indian War had put Britain in debt so they began taxing the colonists. Britain also began to enforce laws made by the King of England. This led to the phrase no taxation without representation. The colonists had no other choices but to try and settle their differences with Britain or attempt to break away. The Americans in the colonies decided to break away from Great Britain for many reasons. One reason was the taxes being put on items. This made the colonists come up with the phrase no taxation without representation. (Doc #1)†¦show more content†¦No boats big or small could go in or out of Boston Harbor until colonists could pay for all the tea dumped during the Boston Tea Party. No town meetings could be held more than once a year without the government?s permission. British officials would have their trials in Canada or Britain and not Massachusetts. Finally, British officials needed quarters which could include colonist?s houses. Colonists reacted to these taxes and laws in negative ways. Because of Britain?s unfair taxes and laws the colonists reacted in several different ways. Some reactions were economic, some were written, some were political and some were even violent. One reaction was to the taxes put on tea. The colonists had the Boston Tea Party in which colonists dressed as Indians and dumped hundreds of crates of tea into the Boston Harbor. (Doc#6) One form of violent protest was tarring and feathering. (Doc#2) It happened to a British customs inspector named John Malcom. He was stripped naked tarred and feathered, and dragged around town by horse drawn cart. (Doc#3) Another form of violent protest was when a stuffed dummy was hung in Boston representing a British tax collector named Andrew Oliver. Later that same night, his house was torn down in minutes by protesters. (Doc#4) A form of boycott was organized by the Sons and Daughters of Liberty. They made a poster saying not to buy anything from William Jackson, that if they did they would bring disgrace toShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution : The Cause Of The American Revolution1898 Words   |  8 Pages The American Revolution was the turning point for the colonies that made up the United States today. It was the war that freed the colonists from British control. But what actually caused the American Revolution? Well, there’s no simple answer to that question. In fact, most of the causes acted as if they were dominoes. These events can be categorized in four periods of time or setting. These groups are, Salutary neglect, Mercantilism, Boston, and Unity of protests. Salutary neglect was the ideaRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history many revolutions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a truly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions betw een residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution738 Words   |  3 Pagesas the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was a war between the colonists of America and Great Britain and they were fighting over the independence of America from Britain. This war lasted until 1781, when the British surrendered to the Americans, As a result, America is a fully independent country and it has stayed that way since that day. There were many causes of the war, The Stamp Act, the Boston Tea Party, and Lexington and Concord. The first cause of theRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution913 Words   |  4 Pages While the american revolution was caused from taxes, it was also formed from the effects of a corrupt system of government. The effects of britains rule was a much bigger flame for the revolution then the taxes placed upon citizens. The american revolution was an event that will forever shape us as a country. It was a tough war filled with blood and brutal acts of violence, but it was also an awakening for the colonies that will later become the United States, it showed that while under a governmentRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution880 Words   |  4 Pages The American Revolution is the most important time in all of American history. This brought the birth of a new country and the treasured constitution. In the beginning, colonists were proud to be British. In the years to come, there were small occurrences that bothered the colonists and led to the Revolution. Other countries contributed to the start of a crueller British control. The French and Indian War caused King George III to introduce expensive taxes (Pavao). These taxes came about becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1335 Words   |  6 Pageswere multiple causes for the American Revolution, but the most important was the violation and deprivation of rights from the American People. The American people were faced with multiple acts and taxes that violated and took away their rights. Americans were continuously being taxed after the French and Indian War by acts like the sugar act, the stamp act, the Townshend acts,the tea act, and many more(Hedtke, et al., The Ame rican Saga). Despite all the taxes being placed on the Americans and the thingsRead MoreCauses of the American Revolution953 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Thou Mr. G./ Period 1 September 14, 2012 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1755 as an open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. For example, the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution began on April 19, 1775. It was the war between Great Britain and its colonies located in the New World. The colonists, as many historians put it, were like children rebelling against the motherland; however, they had many valid reasons for this revolt, including their desire for freedom and independence. My World History textbook says freedom was falsely promised when the colonists had settled (Krull 868). The more direct causes of this widely known rebellion include taxesRead MoreCaus es Of The American Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution813 Words   |  4 PagesCauses Before the American Revolution, any imports from England from us had to come in ships owned by the British. Also, we could only sell tobacco and sugar to England. The British took French territory in Canada, east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida which led to the American Revolution. Due to the war, Britain went in debt so, the British government placed taxes on goods so they could make more money. But that’s not all that led to the American Revolution, both the us and the French

Essay on The Turn of the Screw by Henry James - 721 Words

The Turn of the Screw This novel was, surprisingly, interesting. The intensely complex and intricate (if not confusing!) sentences, upon first thought, made me expect an experience of complete, utter, and total confusion; however, they served not only to keep my interest in the novel – for I had to concentrate to grasp the full, rich meaning of his thoughts – but also to create in me a sense of enjoyment, that of being enriched with the experiences of the main character so that my life and that characters became inseparable, only it occurred not only with the main character, but with the entire plot at once – all characters, all scenes (to which I shall come late), all conversations... everything. I have never seen a man so able to†¦show more content†¦The same is true of Flora. Her childish innocence and elderly cunning create an ambiguous character that is capable of existing. (Is that not an ambiguity of its’ own?) As far as completely realistic and believable chara cters – those capable of existing outside the mind and conception of readers – can be examined, a list of them would be short in the superlative. The governess would be the most sane and believable of them all, unless one considers the idea that she is able to see spirits that haunt only the children (is she possessed as well?). Mrs. Grose is the next most believable character. Her only shortcoming in that respect is her simple-minded naà ¯vetà © and her subjection to suggestion. One is forced to wonder if this character has any will or desire to call her own, or if she was born, raised, and hired only to follow the instruction and logic of others. The simple fact that she was illiterate would seem to agree with the idea. Enough about characters... I want now to speak of setting. There was none. James never described a setting with any significant degree of detail. A window would be looked through, and the reader would discover at the same time who was doing the looking, and the fact that the window existed at all. Even though this causes some abrupt double-takes of the mind, if you will, when something new is mentioned that simply does not fit into the setting originally conceived of by the reader. Either the scene becomesShow MoreRelatedThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1479 Words   |  6 PagesI. Henry James’s â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† a young Governess is hired by a wealthy man who is the uncle to two children that live in Bly, the estate and setting in which the story takes place. In the ghastly tale by James, the Governess begins to notice things that are out of place. The old manor is home to a host of souls that have perished previous to her arrival, which leaves the gover ness on edge as she becomes more and more aware of the odd happenings in Bly. The story focuses on the hauntingRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1379 Words   |  6 Pages A Screw Loose During the course of the novella, â€Å"The Turn of the Screw†, by Henry James, the governess continuously encounters ghosts that seemingly only appear to her. As the story progresses, the governess starts postulating a relationship between Miles, Flora, and the supposed corruptive ghosts. However, due to the fact that the ghosts are not seen when others are present at the time of the sightings indicate that they fail to exist. Moreover, through the evidence presented in the text, theRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James2418 Words   |  10 PagesThroughout the Turn of the Screw, by Henry James, we are introduced to four main characters; the Governess, Mrs. Grose, Miles, and Flora. Other minor characters in the book are Miss Jessel, Peter Quint, and the children’s Uncle. I think Henry James portrays each of these characters in a certain mysterious and ambiguous way, and this is what helps catch the reader’s attention. Some people believe that Henry James wants the reader to infer that the entire story was just a hallucination that the GovernessRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1029 Words   |  5 PagesMichael Walker Mr. Murray Intro to Fiction March 25, 2015 Turn of the Screw There are numerous approaches to view The Turn of the Screw, by Henry James. From being in class talking about the book I seen that there was distinctive comprehension of the book. The Turn of the Screw is a typical representation of the contention in the middle of great and fiendishness. I will translate the phantoms of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel as insidious powers. I perceive that the phantom just seem to the tutorRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James993 Words   |  4 Pagesthat are not even there. This causes one to doubt the very nature of things and can even explain why it is that things such as ‘second thoughts’ or ‘fear’ crosses the mind. Henry James, the author of The Turn of the Screw, uses these â€Å"defects of the mind† to destroy the barrier between reality and fiction. The Turn of the Screw exists in a reality that is retold more than once and in many instances, it depicts the twisted perception of a protagonist with an overa ctive imagination and even goes asRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe Turn of the Screw by Henry James (2010) is designed to have many interpretations in terms of its characters, chain of events and its narration. Many people believe the main idea of this narrative is whether it is apparitionist or non-apparitionist. They question the Governess’s ability to see ghosts. However, this paper will demonstrate that this narrative is in essence a love story regardless of supernatural events. Through the analysis of the frame, it is easy to accept that the Turn of theRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1077 Words   |  5 Pagesthat has power over them. Henry James wrote â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† during the Victorian Era; the Victorians which was known as the age of children. The idea of innocence was place on a child at an early age. Books that were publish in the Era of Victorian that focus on youth of a child. Children are supposed to enjoy life and being joy into it. They were the pictures of innocence but Miles and Flora had painted themselves differently. In Henry James’ â€Å"The Turn of the Screw†, the young children areRead MoreTurn Of The Screw By Henry James1012 Words   |  5 PagesTurn of the Screw by Henry James is a psychological case study of the narrator, the Governess, who is emotionally unstable with phantasms of the living which are merely illusions of her psychotic mind. The governess’s illusive mind leads to her obsession with becoming the heroine of Miles and Flora who she suspects are on the verge of corruption due to the supernatural activity of Miss Jessel and Peter Quint. However, her excessive obsession to become the heroine only leads to a major downfall becauseRead MoreThe Turn Of The Screw By Henry James1992 Words   |  8 PagesHenry James called his short story, â€Å"The Turn of the Screw,† a â€Å"fairytale†. He also said that the story wasn’t supposed to mean nothing more than a little ghost story. It doesn’t matter what he originally intended, James’ â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† is a main topic of debates when it comes to literacy. They all have that one question: Are the ghosts real or is it just the governess’ imagination of twisted apparitions and illusions. There are critics who have come up with their own arguments with a lotRead MoreHenry James’ the Turn of the Screw Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesHenry James’ The Turn of the Screw is written with one clear and true ending where Miles dies and the readers are left to guess the rest for themselves. Or is it? Right from the prologue, a reader may assume that Miles and Douglas are indeed the same person, but when the reader sees, â€Å"and his little heart, dispossessed, had stopped.† P.403 one dismisses that theory as lost, but it isn’t. Perhaps one ignore the idea because of many unclea r allusions to discrepancies. James’ use of deliberate vagueness

Poverty Free Essays

Poverty is a problem within the world. Being so that most people that are in these conditions will not get any further because the economic resources and standards of living are extremely low and have no intentions of bettering. Society today has been taught those who are poor are this way due to their own inaction and laziness. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, most assume these individuals fall short of the upkeep of American views and ideas. Because the poor are more associated with crime, many wealthy Americans fear them. This being result of the general misconceived truths of the poor. The truth is the true issue of poverty has never been dealt with since most Americans and politicians have focused their point on the effects of poverty on society instead of what causes it. Poverty can be improved by the education of the youth, government assistance, and employment. With these improvements’ poverty will become better among Americans. Firstly, the improvement of education to the youth must be a rising concern. Most kids that live in poverty do not succeed in academics. Students who live in poverty are not granted the tools for success. Resulting in them falling behind their fellow classmates physically and socially. The first being physical, with poverty comes improper nutrition which leads to poor health. When children do not eat regular, nutritiously balanced meals, their bodies become open to sickness. These students who suffer more from lack of nutrition and do become sick fall behind their healthy classmates. Secondly, they fall behind socially, most students come from stricken families and experience real-life situations that hinder them socially and emotionally. Studies have shown that many modern students live in single-parent households. With it only being a single parent home the parent experiences a great deal of stress. Which can turn into not a positive impact on the child life. The negative and unstable home environment can further manifest into behavioral issues at school. Secondly, improvement of government assistance. The government provides at one full understood welfare-type program to roughly one out of every five Americans. The government has 100 different welfare programs that focus on freeing about 48 million people out of poverty. However, there are ways that our welfare system fails to prepare people on how to take care of themselves. Which counteracts making poor people more financially debt, and creates incentives to remain on welfare forever. This shows how the government makes people believe that they are getting the package deal but are not. The biggest failure of government welfare programs is the secret promise to help with consumption. But doing this without placing emphasis on the basic job training or anything to do with helping the poor people become more self-sufficient. All in all the wealthy get wealthier and the poor get poorer. The government uses Medicaid,food stamps to create a depiction of help but truly it improves the government productivity and cuts down social cost caused by crime poor health and malnutrition. Lastly, is employment. Many people are stagnant in poverty because they are unable to find a job that pays a well living wage or unlucky to find a job at all. Unemployment and underemployment often contribute to poverty. Of the 40.6 million Americans that live in poverty, 56.1 percent are working-age adults, 18 to 64. Among the poor aged 18 to 64, 40.8 percent worked for a part of the year and many of the ones unemployed reported barriers to paid work or reported engagement in productive activities in 2014. Poverty and unemployment doesn’t affect everyone the same. People of color experience unemployment and poverty unfairly. This also affect members of the nondominant groups, being the groups who are commonly oppressed. In conclusion, poverty is a disease that affects everyone. And become the main focus of America. the idea that poverty is a self-based thing like a choice is not true. Most people have been born in poverty and has stayed as a product of their environment. But if government and us as a people bring awareness things could drastically improve. For America to be the richest country and for 43.1 million people to be living in poverty is disturbing. Poverty can be changed and bettered but we have to believe that everyone deserves a fair shot at life. Not the idea that if you’re poor it’s because of your own inaction and laziness. Poverty affects everyone in the long run. And everyone should be informed about how. How to cite Poverty, Papers Poverty Free Essays Poverty For some poverty is a way of life the day to day struggle of keeping food on the table and clothes on their back. For others it is something that is seen only on television, and even then it is not so easy to comprehend. This is usually the case with families who are well to do and money is not an issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now They may describe the characteristics of poverty as to not have certain materialistic items such as clothes, cars, accessories etc. However to someone living in those circumstances it may mean not having the basic necessities of life. What causes this to happen in society? How do people and families reach such a state of desperation? Well there are many reasons as to why this happens; poverty can be attributed to a changing society whereby the cost of living increases and the wages stay the same. It seems logical, if the income per household is lower than the standard of living it then places a family in a position of challenge to meet the needs of everyday life. Poverty, also known as the â€Å"silent killer,† which exists in every corner of the world. The death rate of poverty children is a staggering number; about 9 million children die each year. Some view poverty as people not being able to afford an occupational meal or having to skip a meal to save money. This isn’t true poverty; poverty is where people live on $1. 25 or less a day. Living the life of poverty is like living on a rapid downward spinning spiral towards failure. If you were born into poverty there is a slim chance of you making a brighter future for yourself. In some countries, especially  Africa, they have a law that states if you’re contagious then you can’t go to school. Most kids in poverty are chronically ill, therefore seldom going to get an education. The lack of education is a major difficulty for these children later in life. What does it mean to be poor in America? There is no single description of American poverty. But for many, perhaps most, it means homes with inadequate heating, unstable plumbing, and uncertain electricity. It often means a home where some go to bed hungry and malnutrition is very frequent. For almost all the poverty stricken families it means that life is a  constant struggle  to obtain the merest necessities of existence, the things that most of us take for granted. We can do better than this; Poverty is prevalent throughout the orld around us. We watch television and see famous people begging us to sponsor a child for only ten dollars a month. We think in our own minds that ten dollars is only pocket change, but to those children and their families, those ten dollars is a large portion of their annual income. We see images of starving children in faraway countries, and our hearts go out to them. But we really do not know the implications of poverty, why it exists, or even what we can do to help combat this giant problem in our world. Americans including myself do not want to hear is that our country is struggling to make currency. In some way, somehow your everyday life is impacted due to a major issue you are dealing with. The issue that affected me greatly in the past and is still contemporarily affecting me is definitely the unfortunate recession our economy is facing which caused havoc in my family, and almost permanently damaged my hopes in getting somewhere with my education. Unemployment rates are at the absolute lowest, oil pricing is jaw dropping; businesses are losing massive amounts of money on a day to day basis. The economy is causing complete pandemonium and affected the lives of my family and me greatly. According to President Barack Obama who claims to help us progress and get out of this economic slump â€Å"Money is not the only answer but it makes a difference. † For the most part I agree with President Obama’s statement, however, for my family and I money was crucial due to the recession and the unemployment rates dropping. Poverty takes a toll on everyone; there was a point in my life where I witnessed poverty firsthand. I was born and raised in Iraq, seeing homeless people around became completely normal the majority of the population lived in poverty. Kids dying every day because no one could afford food on the table, 7 year old children on the streets selling whatever they can get their hands on just to be able to buy a couple pieces of bread to feed a family of like 5 or 6. Woman giving birth at their homes, because of the fact that they cannot afford transportation to get to a hospital, or a hospital bill. I know a family that couldn’t even afford a decent home; they were living in a tent, a mother, father, and 3 children. No occupation and they struggled for food every single day. The 4 year old daughter suffered from a really bad sickness and didn’t make it past the age of 7. Poverty has been a serious social life problem. Different types of diseases, abortions, and domestic violence are all severe cases that occur because of poverty. Absolute poverty: over 1. 2 billion people, 1 in every 5 on earth live on less than $1 a day. Absolute poverty goes on for a long period of time, enough time to endanger one’s life, or cause harm. Hunger, illness, and thirst are considered both causes and effects of poverty. These are things that one needs to survive, and to live a long successful life, yet billions of people are lacking the things we need most in life. Just as the causes of poverty are often interrelated, so are the effects of poverty. Bad sanitation  makes it easier to  spread around old and new diseases, and  hunger and lack of water  make people more vulnerable to them. Impoverished communities often suffer from  discrimination  and so get caught in cycles of poverty that create long lasting problems and handicaps passed on from one ge neration to another: not attending school, child labor to help the parents, lack of education on basic hygiene, transmission of diseases, etc. â€Å" Since the 1990s the number of people living in EXTREME poverty has been dropping and the rates continue to fall. The issue of global food crisis started in the 2000s and is bound to plague millions more. The estimations of the world population growth, experts think that we’ll need to produce twice more food in 2050 than we were at the beginning of the century. The largest reduction was in East Asia and Pacific, China made great improvements. Sub Saharan Africa began to reduce the number of people in extreme poverty in the 1990s. As a result to the global economic recession, people living in extreme poverty have suffered the most. People struggled for survival even before the recession, the long-tern effects of this recession are expected to push millions more into extreme poverty. Many people have felt a shortage of cash at some point in their life. This is considered and individual experience. Money is a measure of wealth, lack of cash can be a measure of lack of wealth, but it’s not the social problem of poverty. A cause can be seen as something that contributes to the origin of a problem like poverty. Poverty on a world scale has many historical causes such as slavery, war, and conquest. A factor can be seen as something hat contributes to its continuation after it has already existed. There are important differences between the two, the difference is in term of what we can do about it today, we cannot go back into history and change the past, poverty exists, and poverty was caused. The only thing we can do is perpetuate poverty. There are 5 factors of poverty: ignorance, disease, apathy, dependency , and dishonesty. All social problems link back to these 5 factors, there caused by one of these factors. Observing the identity of these factors can actually take action, remove them, and eradicate poverty. Ignorance: lack of information and lack of knowledge. â€Å"Knowledge is power†, some people knowing this try to keep knowledge to themselves because they don’t want others to obtain knowledge. Fighting ignorance can help reduce poverty. People are constantly inundated with mail from all sorts of organizations, aiming at helping the poor. On TV, on the internet, many advertisements use dirty suffering children to soften our hearts to make donations, there are many fortunate people out there that can reach out to the less fortunate and make a difference and that are when ignorance takes place. Fighting ignorance is the only solution to deter the progress of poverty. Disease: When a community has a high disease rate, absence is high, productivity is extremely low, and less wealth is in the picture. Discomfort, misery, and death all result from poverty. Every ones well-being helps contribute to the eradication of poverty throughout the community. Preventing a disease is better than curing it. The economy will be much healthier if the population is healthy; access to safe and clean drinking water, hygiene, and sanitation are extremely important and there solutions to preventing a disease. Many people see access to health care as a question of human rights; a healthy population contributes to the eradication of poverty. Apathy: Apathy is when people don’t have a care in the world, when they feel powerless, the wont even bother trying to change things, to right a wrong, to fix a mistake, or to even improve a serious condition. Apathy breeds apathy, meaning sometimes people feel like there’s things in life that they can’t/never will achieve, that’s when jealousy takes place whether its towards a family member or a close friend, they seek to bring the attempting achiever down to their own level of poverty. Apathy can also be justified by religion, â€Å"Accept what exists because god has decided your fate. † God decides our fate, but we should be motivated to improve ourselves. We are in god’s hands, but we also have a responsibility to help ourselves. We are created with many abilities, from cooperation to organization, to improving our lives one step at a time; we should not let God be used as an excuse to do nothing. We must praise god and use out God-given talent to help other to come together as a community and change our world for the better. Dishonesty: lack of integrity and lack of honesty, Poverty is a result of dishonesty that comes with a various amount of labels. Theft, corruption, and extortion, this occurs when wealth intended for development of the whole society. We Americans tell ourselves a lie, the U. S. Census Bureau released poverty rates years ago, the president, the media, and politicians rehearsed empty remarks on why poverty’s been increasing and decreasing in some areas and there was a big fuss on how the entire episode was profoundly dishonest. Poverty in the United States in insignificant, 36 million people are â€Å"officially poor†, the United States is the richest country in the world, yet we have the most poverty. Being faithful, caring and loyal to one another pulls people away from dishonesty, something we definitely need more of. Last but not least Dependency: An attitude, a belief, a person can be so poor and so helpless and the only thing they look forward to is assistance from others. Attitude and a shared belief is the biggest self-justifying factor. The story of Mohammed and the rope is an amazing story that encourages dependency and it empowers the weak. Mohammed and the Rope: â€Å"The Holy Prophet Mohammed, peace is upon him, was approached by a hungry man who asked for food. Instead, Mohammed gave the man a piece of rope and some advice: â€Å"Go to the woods and collect dry wood lying about. Tie it with this rope. Take it to the town and sell it for firewood. Use the money to buy food. † Mohammed had given a gift that helped the man become independent of begging. † The beggar was hungry and asked for food, but the prophet gave him just enough advice which allowed him to provide his own food These five factors are not independent, they all contradict one another. Disease contributes to ignorance and apathy, Dishonesty contributes to disease and dependency, etc†¦ The big 5 factors of poverty appear to be widespread and are deeply embedded in cultural values and practices. If people actually make sometime and commit towards the factors of poverty we can make a difference, we can have the ultimate victory over poverty. The only solution to the social problem of poverty is the social solution of removing the factors of poverty, that’s the only way if these 5 factors remain then so will poverty. The main problem in our country nowadays is poverty. Poverty is a widespread it happens everywhere around the world, poor people battle hunger, deal with undernourishment, and mineral deficiencies, which also result in growth, weakness and susceptibility to illnesses, ultimate deaths all caused by hunger. I believe that international regimes, the World Bank and United Nations can affect changes if they attempt to do so. There are no perfect answers for development, poverty is a very intense and difficult issue, we shouldn’t ignore those living in poverty, and we should reach out to them in every way possible. We are obligated to try out hardest to make circumstances better for them. Does ending poverty help the middle and upper class citizens? Of course it will. Any plans for rebuilding the American economy and ending poverty will generate re-educating everyone. That education will help stimulate the hard working to create new products and jobs for everyone in need of them. Poverty has been going on for decades, it’s about time someone puts an end to all of this chaos, I can’t bare to see another homeless person, I can’t bare to see another abortion, not only are these issues are getting out of control but they’re taking a toll on the world one step at a time. How to cite Poverty, Papers

Analytical Techniques

Introduction A research on a subject has some objectives to fulfill, especially from statistical research analysis the major objectives are to find the description of the data using summary statistics, it is common for the data to include dependent as well as independent variables. Generally for business and market related studies the data is generally found to be multivariate consisting of many dependent and independent variables. So it becomes a necessity to choose which of the independent variables are more suitable for the data analysis. Here our topic is regarding multicollinearity of the data, why it emerges and how can it be controlled. The discussion followed the article by Jeeshim and Kucc (2003), Multicollinearity in Regression Models (sites.stat.psu.edu, 2003). Therefore all the discussions will be considered on the basis of this article. Review of the Article Multicollinearity is a problem in case of regression and must be checked before final prediction. The topic gives a complete reference to multicollinearity in different independent variables. It also gives a detailed process with respect to the data with which we can check for multicollinearity between the variables. Different data results has been used as examples for proper explanation. From the correlation matrix it can be often observed that there is a strong linear association between two independent variables like the area of the plot of the house and area of a house. These two variables represent the same thing , i.e. one variable can be significantly predicted from the other variable. This is when the problem of multicollinearity arises. We can then just take any one of the variables i.e.,replace one variable by another variable. Analysis and Discussion If multicollinearity is faced at a very low level then it is not a major issue but for variables whose correlations are very strong can make problems in predictions of the regression equation. The values of the variances or standard errors of the independent variable can be much more than usual. Another implication can be the p value which will be insignificant at times. As earlier stated there will be inevitably large correlation coefficient between the variables . Again if the data are modified to a slight extent the resulting coefficients will be changed largely. If the problems of any of these is evident from the data then it it could be a problem of multicollinearity and must be checked beforehand otherwise the regression will provide spurious estimates (Fekedulegn, 2002). The indications specified above only gives a hint of multicollinearity, like although two independent variables are highly correlated we cannot call for sure that the variables are having multicollinearity, neither can we confirm it from the significance level, standard error and coefficients of the independent variables. As to say there is no specified limit from which we can refer for sure occurrence of multicollinearity, however some measures like the tolerance value and the vif can be calculated besides regression and hence infer about multicollinearity to some extent. The tolerance value is 1 - R square value : which is the amount of the dependent variable that can be predicted via the independent variables. A low value of R square can be considered as a matter of concern. I/R square gives the VIF, a large value of VIF is a matter of concern but the exact cutoff value is not standardized. In this analysis the analysis is run in SAS where to calculate multicollinearity three measures have been used : the tolerance value, VIF and the Collin analysis. The dependent variable considered is expenditure within independent variables age, rent, income and inc_sq. Therefore the regression equation is used to predict the value of expenditure from the values of the variable age, rent, income and inc_sq. The regression model as run in SAS and from the value of the anova table it is seen that the regression equation is a good fit as the significance value is .0008 which is much less than the desired significance level. The value of R square is .2436. Age and inc_sq shows negetive association while rent and income shows positive association with expenditure. The values of the standard errors are very large. From the tolerance value it is seen that both income and inc sq have a very low tolerance level of .061 and .065 and thereby very high variance inflation of 16.33 and 15.21, show ing that the variability of both the variables are more than usual. Therefore these two variables have multicollinearity. Again from the collinearity diagnostics carried out in SAS the association between the variables is checked by the factors eigen value and the conditional index. Very small eigen values shows more collinearity . Conditional index is the square root of the eigen value having greatest value divided by the corresponding eigen value. Large values of conditional index indicates the problem of collinearity. From the table in the article it is seen that the eigen values of income and income squared are very close to zero and thus are collinear. Again from conditional index column it is seen that both of these variables have high values, the variable income squared show a value greater than 20. Also the proportion of variations table generated by SAS which shows the proportion of variation generated by the variables. The variable showing more proportion of variation compared to the Eigen value is considered to have multicollinearity (Neeleman, 1973). Thus it has been verified from all aspects that the variables income and income squared show multicollinearity. The major problem faced due to multicollinearity is that it reduces the rank of the correlation matrix and a matrix without having full rank will give false solutions and results and interpretations will be in vain. Apart from factor analysis principal component analysis could be used to reduce the size of unwanted variables. But it must be assured that there are some space for data reduction like in this analysis we verified that the variables income and income_sq show multicollinearity. In the principal component analysis the original matrix with dimension n is divided via n eigen vectors and n eigen values and a diagonal matrix where the sum of the diagonal matrix equals to 1. The eigen vectors and the eigen values are useful ways to infer about the variance of a variable (Jolliffe, 1986). To every eigen vector there exists an eigen value. The principal components are de cided from the eigen values and the eigen vectors. Before making calculations from the new matrix it is verified from the values of earlier regression results and also from the vif values the factors or variables showing multicollinearity. Here also from the articles it has been verified from the VIF values the variables showing multicollinearity. A transformed matrix is formed by multiplying the old matrix by the eigen vectors. Final regression is again carried on the transformed variables. Dimension is reduced for the variable having least eigen values and high conditional indices. As evident from the data in the analysis the variables income and income squared show the maximum amount of variation. But a confusion is created regarding the variable to be removed from the data to get proper predictions. For this reason a correlation matrix is created to check the association between the data. As expected the correlation between income and income square is very strong with a correlation of .963. to clarify which among these two variable must used for reduction in dimension two graphical plots are conducted one age versus income and the other income versus income square. It is evident from the graph of income of income_sq about their strong collinearity, but income can be considered as an important variable it has its effects with other variables,i.e. it not only affects the prediction itself also plays a major role in predicting the data with association to other variables like age. It is known that in regression it is not always the individual effects of the variabes but also a combined effects of the variables that could help in proper prediction. Therefore income is seen as an important variable which can be in no case removed from the prediction. Income_sq represents almost the s ame thing as income and thus repeating a variable of same usage twice is of no use for prediction. Also the variable being square of income creates unnecessary confusion and weightage to the data. Therefore the income squared variable was decided to be included for dimension reduction (Neeleman, 1973). This concept of dimension reduction is the concept of principal component analysis including only the factors or variables that account for maximum variance in the data through the Eigen values. There principal component analysis is an important aspect for reducing the unwanted variables by including only the variables that are needed for data prediction by using the variables that makes the data to differ by different aspect and excluding the variables that has no part in this prediction and acts as an extra baggage : intuitively this variables are often seen to be those variables that makes the same representation as the other variables. Therefore variables like this must be removed beforehand. There are some conditions for conduction of the principal component analysis. Only numerical variables are to be included and also Uncorrelated variables cannot be part of the principal component analysis. Again there must be proper data collection or sample collection implemented otherwise the analysis would be in vain. Before computing the principal component analysis it must be checked via other sources of calculation that there are some variables included in the data that show multicollinearity. PCA analysis nay not always be significant if there is a strong problem of outliers. Conclusion After the variable income squared was removed from the data, a regression was carried out with the other variable so check whether the data was a good fit. However from the first regression analysis the significance level was found to be .0008 and this time the significance level is seen as .001 therefore an increment in the p value is seen from which it can be said that the equation was a better predictor with the variable income squared being included. But since the equation is still significant predictor at 5% level of significance it can be used as a predicting equation. But again previously the value of R squared was .245 and this time the value of R squared has reduced to .198. Therefore less amount of the dependent variable can be explained by the independent variable after the reduction in the data. This proves that reducing the variable was of no use to the analysis. The coefficients, standard error , t values of the variables were calculated. Now to check whether there is a ny further space for multicollinearity again the VIF values and the conditional indices are calculated. From the VIF value and the values of the conditional indices it may be concluded that there exists a further chance of multicollinearity. Principal Component analysis is a well known procedure for data reduction and selection of relevant variables in the data. But unfortunately with this data the results dont prove completely justified. Therefore there may be other methods that could be used like new variables with importance to expenditure that is having strong relations with expenditure can be adopted. Sometimes if the variables are transformed then it may show relevant significance however this is not the case in income and income squared since both represents almost the same feature. If a variable is transformed then it could be transformed back to its original form by conducting the same transformation steps but in a reverse direction, therefore in many cases transformation can be very useful which is also used in principal component analysis to transform the variables back their older forms. Thus inclusion of more variables is the possibility and then their significance can be easily judged by factor analysis whi ch is a very important analysis to get a good prediction equation with variables that are genuinely important with respect to the dependent variables. References Fekedulegn, B. (2002). Coping with multicollinearity. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station. Jolliffe, I. (1986). Principal component analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag. Neeleman, D. (1973). Multicollinearity in linear economic models. [Tilburg]: Tilburg University Press. sites.stat.psu.edu, (2003).Multicollinearity in Regression Models. [online] Available at: https://sites.stat.psu.edu/~ajw13/SpecialTopics/multicollinearity.pdf [Accessed 16 Jan. 2015].